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Design a data structure for generic deck of cards

Last edited: January 1, 2026

1. Problem Statement
2. System Requirements
3. Use Case Diagram
4. Class Diagram
5. Activity Diagrams
Deck Initialization and Shuffling
Dealing Cards to Players
Blackjack Hand Evaluation
6. Java Implementation
7. Design Patterns Applied
1. Immutable Value Object (Card)
2. Template Method (Deck Initialization)
3. Factory Method (Hand Creation)
4. Strategy Pattern (Shuffling - Potential)
5. Enum Singleton (Suit, Rank)
6. Null Object Pattern (Empty Deck Handling)
8. Key Design Decisions
Decision 1: Cards Are Immutable
Decision 2: Separate Card Subclasses Per Game
Decision 3: Template Method for Deck Initialization
Decision 4: Enums for Suit and Rank
Decision 5: Draw Removes Card from Deck
Decision 6: Fisher-Yates Shuffle Algorithm
Decision 7: Hand Has List of Cards (Composition)
Decision 8: Deal Method Uses Round-Robin
Decision 9: Blackjack Ace Optimization in Hand
Decision 10: Multi-Deck Support via Constructor Parameter
Basic Components
Suit Enum
Card Class
Deck Class
Subclassing the deck for specific games
Poker Game
Blackjack Game
Summary

Related Tags

ctci ood-object-oriented-design card-games template-method

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